Variations in extratropical cyclone activity in northern East Asia   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王新敏  翟盘茂  王萃萃 《大气科学进展》2009,26(3):471-479

Based on an improved objective cyclone detection and tracking algorithm, decadal variations in extratropical cyclones in northern East Asia are studied by using the ECMWF 40 Year Reanalysis (ERA-40) sea-level pressure data during 1958-2001. The results reveal that extratropical cyclone activity has displayed clear seasonal, interannual, and decadal variability in northern East Asia. Spring is the season when cyclones occur most frequently. The spatial distribution of extratropical cyclones shows that cyclon...  相似文献   

西北太平洋变性台风时空分布特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

钟颖旻  徐明  王元 《气象学报》2009,67(5):697-707

利用中国气象局上海台风研究所整编的1961-2000年共40 a热带气旋年鉴资料,对发生在西北太平洋上的变性台风的时空分布特征进行了诊断分析和研究.研究发现,发生于西北太平洋上的变性台风的年频数呈现出明显的年代际变化特征,主要特征是20世纪60年代偏多,70至80年代显著减少,90年代初又略有回升,至90年代下半期每年发生变性的台风个数均极少;年际变化趋势呈现出逐年减少的特征,与西北太平洋上生成的总台风频数的变化趋势一致;西北太平洋上的变性台风多发生于夏、秋两季,特别集中于夏季与秋季的转换时期(变性比例分别达到40%及46%);秋季较夏季台风发生变性的位置整体偏东;台风变性前移动路径主要集中于朝鲜半岛以南及日本海附近,变性后路径多北上偏东;西北太平洋各月变性台风在变性后6小时内平均强度均减弱,变性后12小时内平均强度仍继续减弱,变性后强度加强的气旋的最低平均气压仅在6、7月份较变性前最明显.进一步通过对NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料的500 hPa高度场的EOF分析,发现夏、秋两季,纬向环流指数与台风变性频数呈显著负相关;中高纬度500hPa距平高度场在夏半年为正距平区,对应着高压,宜于冷空气入侵向高纬地区北上的台风,促进台风发生变性.  相似文献   

GRAPES-TCM对登陆热带气旋降水的预报及其性能评估   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄伟  余晖  梁旭东 《气象学报》2009,67(5):892-901

基于GRAPES-TCM对2006年登陆热带气旋的降水预报结果,对该系统的24 h和6 h降水预报能力进行评估,并与基于卫星降水反演的外推预报(TRaP,Tropical Rainfall Potential)和相似台风降水预报技术(Analog Prediction Technique for Ty-phoon Precipitation,TAPT)进行对比.各方法对登陆热带气旋降水的综合预报能力通过分析预报和观测降水散点图、预报平均绝对误差(MAE)及均方根误差得到,降水分布型态的预报能力通过计算预报和观测降水的相关系数估计.此外,还分析了BS、POD、FAR、ETS评分等常用降水预报评估指标.结果显示,GRAPES-TCM的24 h降水预报绝对误差和均方根误差比TRaP和TAPT都大.但是,GRAPES-TCM的24 h降水预报与观测降水的相关系数远比TRaP和TAPT高.对其他指标的分析表明,GRAPES-TCM的漏报率远低于TRaP和TAPT,但3种方法的空报率在同一水平;对任一强度的降水,GRAPES-TCM的ETS评分总是最高,TRaP和TAPT对于大暴雨以上的强降水则几乎没有预报能力.对24小时内每6 h的降水预报,3种方法相对性能与24 h总降水相似.通过对各强度降水造成的降水量在总降水量中的百分比的对比分析,发现GRAPES-TCM预报强降水占总降水量的比重与观测十分接近.总体上说,GRAPES-TCM能较好地预报出登陆热带气旋降水的分布型态,对强降水的预报能力强于外推和相似预报方法,但是预报的降水量绝对误差偏大,尤其对暴雨级别以上降水,其BS值明显偏大.  相似文献   

A comparison of PMIP2 model simulations and the MARGO proxy reconstruction for tropical sea surface temperatures at last glacial maximum   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Bette L. Otto-Bliesner  Ralph Schneider  E. C. Brady  M. Kucera  A. Abe-Ouchi  E. Bard  P. Braconnot  M. Crucifix  C. D. Hewitt  M. Kageyama  O. Marti  A. Paul  A. Rosell-Melé  C. Waelbroeck  S. L. Weber  M. Weinelt  Y. Yu 《Climate Dynamics》2009,32(6):799-815

Results from multiple model simulations are used to understand the tropical sea surface temperature (SST) response to the reduced greenhouse gas concentrations and large continental ice sheets of the last glacial maximum (LGM). We present LGM simulations from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project, Phase 2 (PMIP2) and compare these simulations to proxy data collated and harmonized within the Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean Surface Project (MARGO). Five atmosphere–ocean coupled climate models (AOGCMs) and one coupled model of intermediate complexity have PMIP2 ocean results available for LGM. The models give a range of tropical (defined for this paper as 15°S–15°N) SST cooling of 1.0–2.4°C, comparable to the MARGO estimate of annual cooling of 1.7 ± 1°C. The models simulate greater SST cooling in the tropical Atlantic than tropical Pacific, but interbasin and intrabasin variations of cooling are much smaller than those found in the MARGO reconstruction. The simulated tropical coolings are relatively insensitive to season, a feature also present in the MARGO transferred-based estimates calculated from planktonic foraminiferal assemblages for the Indian and Pacific Oceans. These assemblages indicate seasonality in cooling in the Atlantic basin, with greater cooling in northern summer than northern winter, not captured by the model simulations. Biases in the simulations of the tropical upwelling and thermocline found in the preindustrial control simulations remain for the LGM simulations and are partly responsible for the more homogeneous spatial and temporal LGM tropical cooling simulated by the models. The PMIP2 LGM simulations give estimates for the climate sensitivity parameter of 0.67°–0.83°C per Wm⁻², which translates to equilibrium climate sensitivity for doubling of atmospheric CO₂ of 2.6–3.1°C.  相似文献   

Q Vector Analysis of Torrential Rainfall from Meiyu Front Cyclone： A Case Study          下载免费PDF全文

YUE Caijun 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2009,23(1):68-80

Following similar derivation of quasi-geostrophic Q vector （Q^C）, a new Q vector （Q^N） is constructed in this study. Their difference is that the geostrophic wind in quasi-geostrophic Q vector is replaced by the wind in Q^N vector. The diagnostic analysis of Q^N vector is compared with that of Q^G vector in the case study of a typical Meiyu front cyclone （MYFC） occurred over Changjiang-Huaihe regions during 5-6 July 1991. The results show that the Q^N vector has more diagnostic advantages than Q^G vector does. Convergence of Q^N vector at 700 hPa is found to be a good indicator to mimic the horizontal distribution of precipitation. Q^N vector is further partitioned into four components： Q^Nalst （along-stream stretching）,Q^Ncurv （curvature）,Q^Nshdv （shear advection）, and Q^Ncrst （cross-stream stretching） in a natural coordinate system with isohypse （PG partitioning）. The application of Q^N PG partitioning in the MYFC torrential rain indicates that PG partitioning of Q can identify dominant physical processes. The horizontal distribution of 2V·Q^Nalst is similar to that of 2V·Q^N and mainly accounts for 2V·Q^N during the entire period of Meiyu. The effects of Q^Ncurv on rainfall enhancement fade from the mature stage to decay stage. Qshdv enhances precipitation significantly as the MYFC develops, and the effect weakens rapidly when the MYFC decays during its eastward propagation. Q^Ncrst shows little impacts on rainfall during the onset and mature phases whereas it displays significant role during the decay phase.Q^N alst and Q^Nshdv and Q^Ncrst show cancellation only during the decay period.  相似文献   

登陆台风等熵面位涡演变的数值模拟研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

季亮  费建芳 《气象》2009,35(3):66-72

选取1997年第11号台风温妮为研究个例,通过中尺度模式MM5模拟再现了该台风登陆后经历初期减弱、变性及变性后再次发展的演变过程.引入Ertel等熵面位涡收支方程,深入分析了登陆台风结构演变的过程中绝热与非绝热作用对对流层低层位涡局地变化的影响.研究表明:台风温妮深入内陆的过程中,对流层低层台风中心西北侧位涡增长,且大值中心不再与台风中心重合;由于摩擦和非绝热加热的存在,对流层低层位涡不守恒,其局地变化主要决定于位涡的水平平流(守恒项)、位涡的垂直平流、加热的垂直微分(非守恒项)的分布;台风温妮变性前后,对流层低层位涡的守恒性逐渐减弱,非守恒项尤其是加热的垂直微分对位涡的局地增长的正贡献不断增强直至占有主导地位.  相似文献   

一次热带气旋外围飑线对广州白云机场的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

钟加杰  李萍  刘峰 《气象》2009,35(6):70-76

使用常规探测资料、NCEP再分析资料和多普勒雷达产品,分析0809号热带气旋北冕8月4日在登陆前对华南天气的影响.结果表明,在热带气旋北侧外围的偏东风低空急流给广东沿海地区输送充足的水汽以及日升温和副热带高压下沉运动的共同作用,积累了不稳定能量,飑线天气在由弱冷空气造成的边界层辐合线的作用下得以爆发.弓形回波后弱反射率因子通道的出现,说明发展到最强盛阶段的飑线影响白云机场.阵风锋和下击暴流伴随着飑线影响白云机场,产生了强雷暴,近地面层风速迅速加大、风向突然改变以及强降水造成的地面能见度的骤降等,严重影响飞行安全的天气.综合分析风切变等雷达产品判断阵风锋和下击暴流产生的影响飞行安全的低空风切变,飞机飞行时应特别关注飑线低层下击暴流产生的辐散型风切变.  相似文献   

利用CINRAD／CB雷达产品对通辽地区一次降雪过程的分析     

祁雁文  石少宏  李莉  姜东怡 《内蒙古气象》2009,(1):18-20

利用CINRAD／CB雷达产品对通辽地区2007年11月19日一次降雪过程的分析得出：基本反射率因子产品清晰地反映了这次天气过程的开始、发展与结束,可以用来确定降水回波的移动以及未来的趋势;并且通过不同仰角产品的对比可以判断云层的高度、厚度及强度（0．5°仰角产品探测到的云范围要比1．5°、2．4°仰角产品所探测到的大,0．5°仰角产品探测到的云多为低层云系）。速度图产品能够判断大气中的冷暖平流、层结稳定性、某一高度层的风向风速,以及存在的低空急流。对降水过程的预测与监测提供了十分有利的科学依据。  相似文献   

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GLOBAL WARMING AND THE VARIATION IN TROPICAL CYCLONE FREQUENCY OVER THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

马丽萍  陈联寿 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2009,15(1):38-44

The relationship between global warming and the variation in tropical cyclone (TC) genesis frequency is analyzed using the data of the Tropical Cyclone Year Book by the China Meteorological Administration and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data from 1949 to 2007. The observational results indicate that the average sea surface temperature (SST) in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) region (10°N – 20°N, 100°E – 140°E) increases by 0.6°C against the background of global warming, while the frequency of tropical cyclone geneses in this region decreases significantly. Generally, the rise of SSTs is favorable for the genesis of tropical cyclones, but it is now shown to be contrary to the normal effect. Most of the tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific (WNP) are generated in the ITCZ. This is quite different from the case in the Atlantic basin in which the tropical cyclones are mostly generated from the easterly wave. Our research results demonstrate that the ITCZ has a weakening trend in strength, and it has moved much more equatorward in the past 40 years; both are disadvantageous to the formation of tropical cyclones. Furthermore, our study also found that the ridge of the subtropical high tends to shift slightly equatorward, which is another adverse mechanism for the formation of tropical cyclones.  相似文献   

基于信息扩散理论的热带气旋灾害风险评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢峰本  彭俊龙  黄滢 《气象研究与应用》2009,30(1):23-25,39

利用广西沿海地区1991～2003年的热带气旋灾情资料,应用基于信息扩散理论的模糊数学方法,对广西沿海热带气旋灾害风险进行研究,得到不同灾害等级的风险水平,比较表明,概率风险理论估算值与实际灾害情况比较吻合,该方法为热带气旋灾害风险评价提供了一种有效的途径.  相似文献